Cognitive Characteristics
Early Characterisitcs
5 yr olds – Like to copy, sees only one way to do things, learns best through play, not a logical thinker, very literal
6yr olds – lots of questions, lots of energy to start things but not always completes them, likes games and art, understand present time better
7 yrs olds – needs to be able to prepare for transitions, likes to complete work, wants their work to be neat, enjoys repeating tasks, likes to work with their hands
8 yr olds – likes to socialize as they work, likes to do things in groups, starts involved projects, works quickly
9 yr olds – self critical, understands there are other perspectives, less imaginative
Middle Characteristics
10 yr olds – can think abstractly, is an organizer, good memory, proud of what they have accomplished
11 yr olds – likes to argue, wonders about the “outside world”, can solve problems by deduction
12 yr olds – directed to talent in specific area, can see both sides of an argument, has good study habits, high interest in society
13 yr olds – can start to think like an adult, conscientious of self, not a risk taker
14 yr olds – easily bored, likes a variety of topics, will try things over again, want to know how things work
Adolescent Characteristics (Years 14-18)
Adolescents become better thinkers about possibilities instead of limited to what is merely concrete
Adolescents begin to think about abstract things
Adolescents begin to think about thinking, i.e., metacognition
Adolescent thinking tends to become multidimensional rather limited to a single issue
Adolescents are more likely than children to see things as relative, rather than as absolute
5 yr olds – Like to copy, sees only one way to do things, learns best through play, not a logical thinker, very literal
6yr olds – lots of questions, lots of energy to start things but not always completes them, likes games and art, understand present time better
7 yrs olds – needs to be able to prepare for transitions, likes to complete work, wants their work to be neat, enjoys repeating tasks, likes to work with their hands
8 yr olds – likes to socialize as they work, likes to do things in groups, starts involved projects, works quickly
9 yr olds – self critical, understands there are other perspectives, less imaginative
Middle Characteristics
10 yr olds – can think abstractly, is an organizer, good memory, proud of what they have accomplished
11 yr olds – likes to argue, wonders about the “outside world”, can solve problems by deduction
12 yr olds – directed to talent in specific area, can see both sides of an argument, has good study habits, high interest in society
13 yr olds – can start to think like an adult, conscientious of self, not a risk taker
14 yr olds – easily bored, likes a variety of topics, will try things over again, want to know how things work
Adolescent Characteristics (Years 14-18)
Adolescents become better thinkers about possibilities instead of limited to what is merely concrete
Adolescents begin to think about abstract things
Adolescents begin to think about thinking, i.e., metacognition
Adolescent thinking tends to become multidimensional rather limited to a single issue
Adolescents are more likely than children to see things as relative, rather than as absolute
Physical Characteristics
Early Characteristics
5 yr olds – can pace themselves, is focused on task, very active and has some increased muscle control (comparative to infants)
6yr olds – uses hands for more things, always in a hurry, can be noisy, puts things in their mouths, enjoys outdoors
7 yrs olds – can be prejudiced, projects are neat, likes small spaces
8 yr olds – can be awkward, lots of energy, needs time for active play
9 yr olds – increased coordination, risk taker so gets injured more often, pushes oneself to do more
Middle Characteristics
10 yr olds – needs to be challenged physically, eats a lot, expends lots of energy, gains control over muscles
11 yr olds – good appetite, doesn’t sit still, needs extra rest, can be aggressive
12 yr olds – joins organized sports, menstruation for girls, value food, on the go
13 yr olds – acne occurs, voice may change for boys, always busy
14 yr olds – gone a lot with friends, growth spurts for boys and girls
Adolescent Characteristics (Years 14-18)
Adolescence is the period of development that begins at puberty and ends at emerging adulthood; the typical age range is from 12 to 18 years, and this stage of development has some predictable physical milestones.
Puberty involves distinctive physiological changes in an individual's height, weight, body composition, sex characteristics, and circulatory and respiratory systems. These changes are largely influenced by hormonal activity. During puberty, the adolescent develops secondary sex characteristics (such as a deeper voice in males and the development of breasts and hips in females) as their hormonal balance shifts strongly towards an adult state.
The adolescent growth spurt is a rapid increase in an individual's height and weight during puberty resulting from the simultaneous release of growth hormones, thyroid hormones, and androgens.
Because rates of physical development vary so widely among teenagers, puberty can be a source of pride or embarrassment.
5 yr olds – can pace themselves, is focused on task, very active and has some increased muscle control (comparative to infants)
6yr olds – uses hands for more things, always in a hurry, can be noisy, puts things in their mouths, enjoys outdoors
7 yrs olds – can be prejudiced, projects are neat, likes small spaces
8 yr olds – can be awkward, lots of energy, needs time for active play
9 yr olds – increased coordination, risk taker so gets injured more often, pushes oneself to do more
Middle Characteristics
10 yr olds – needs to be challenged physically, eats a lot, expends lots of energy, gains control over muscles
11 yr olds – good appetite, doesn’t sit still, needs extra rest, can be aggressive
12 yr olds – joins organized sports, menstruation for girls, value food, on the go
13 yr olds – acne occurs, voice may change for boys, always busy
14 yr olds – gone a lot with friends, growth spurts for boys and girls
Adolescent Characteristics (Years 14-18)
Adolescence is the period of development that begins at puberty and ends at emerging adulthood; the typical age range is from 12 to 18 years, and this stage of development has some predictable physical milestones.
Puberty involves distinctive physiological changes in an individual's height, weight, body composition, sex characteristics, and circulatory and respiratory systems. These changes are largely influenced by hormonal activity. During puberty, the adolescent develops secondary sex characteristics (such as a deeper voice in males and the development of breasts and hips in females) as their hormonal balance shifts strongly towards an adult state.
The adolescent growth spurt is a rapid increase in an individual's height and weight during puberty resulting from the simultaneous release of growth hormones, thyroid hormones, and androgens.
Because rates of physical development vary so widely among teenagers, puberty can be a source of pride or embarrassment.
Social/Emotional Characteristics
Early Characteristics
5 yr olds – wants to help, likes praise, wants attention from adult, likes routine
6yr olds – wants to be 1st, not a good sport, likes encouragement, can be bossy, dramatic about being hurt, invents rules
7 yrs olds – can be emotional, doesn’t like to make mistakes, tells you what they like and don’t like
8 yr olds – prefer to play with same gender, doesn’t always follow the rules, can be a clown, get over mistakes quickly
9 yr olds – very competitive, sees adult mistakes and points them out, anxious, not a good waiter
Middle Characteristics
10 yr olds – usually happy, works well with others, likes to do activities with others, usually tells truth
11 yr olds – test limits, likes to argue, thinks about what is best for themselves, can be rude
12 yr olds – develops a personality, finds things to do on their own, has goals, friends are important
13 yr olds – personal appearance important, likes to be responsible for themselves, girls start to like boys, like technology (cell phones, computers)
14 yr olds – wants to be constantly busy, embarrassed by parents, think they know everything
Adolescent Characteristics (Years 14-18)
Adolescents' elf-esteem based on global assessments and self-concept based on domain-specific evaluations of self measured by assessing eight domains of competence.
Adolescents are often easily offended and sensitive to criticism of personal shortcomings.
Adolescents may experience moodiness and restlessness: Feelings of self-consciousness and alienation, lack of self-esteem, introspection.
5 yr olds – wants to help, likes praise, wants attention from adult, likes routine
6yr olds – wants to be 1st, not a good sport, likes encouragement, can be bossy, dramatic about being hurt, invents rules
7 yrs olds – can be emotional, doesn’t like to make mistakes, tells you what they like and don’t like
8 yr olds – prefer to play with same gender, doesn’t always follow the rules, can be a clown, get over mistakes quickly
9 yr olds – very competitive, sees adult mistakes and points them out, anxious, not a good waiter
Middle Characteristics
10 yr olds – usually happy, works well with others, likes to do activities with others, usually tells truth
11 yr olds – test limits, likes to argue, thinks about what is best for themselves, can be rude
12 yr olds – develops a personality, finds things to do on their own, has goals, friends are important
13 yr olds – personal appearance important, likes to be responsible for themselves, girls start to like boys, like technology (cell phones, computers)
14 yr olds – wants to be constantly busy, embarrassed by parents, think they know everything
Adolescent Characteristics (Years 14-18)
Adolescents' elf-esteem based on global assessments and self-concept based on domain-specific evaluations of self measured by assessing eight domains of competence.
Adolescents are often easily offended and sensitive to criticism of personal shortcomings.
Adolescents may experience moodiness and restlessness: Feelings of self-consciousness and alienation, lack of self-esteem, introspection.
Language Characteristics
Early Characteristics
5 yr olds – very literal, fantasy is still real, thinks out loud
6yr olds – likes show and tell, loves riddles or jokes, likes to complain
7 yrs olds – large vocabulary, wants to know definitions of words, listens well
8 yr olds – Likes to talk, not always attentive when listening to others, dramatic in explanations
9 yr olds – graffiti, tells jokes, answers in the negative (I don’t, I can’t)
Middle Characteristics
10 yr olds – friendly to others, makes a good friend, likes to read, expressive when talking
11 yr olds – Like to talk on the phone, laughs when things are funny, uses bigger “adult” words
12 yr olds – can be sarcastic, uses slang, can carry on an adult conversation
13 yr olds – doesn’t like parents rules, verbally defiant, hard to converse with
14 yr olds – uses peer language mostly, can discuss situations with them, growing vocabulary
Adolescent Characteristics (Years 14-18)
Adolescent students are expected to use advanced language skills.
Adolescent students with typically developing advanced language skills are able to use complex sentences, in both their oral statements and written language.
Adolescents at this level are also able to produce written stories that follow story grammar rules, and regularly make correct inferences from written text.
Another important language skill that develops in adolescents is the ability to understand and use figurative language. This includes understanding metaphors such as, "the mountains were angry that day," and similes, "he's as crazy as a jester." Students also have the ability to better understand idioms such as, "he's a bull in a china shop."
5 yr olds – very literal, fantasy is still real, thinks out loud
6yr olds – likes show and tell, loves riddles or jokes, likes to complain
7 yrs olds – large vocabulary, wants to know definitions of words, listens well
8 yr olds – Likes to talk, not always attentive when listening to others, dramatic in explanations
9 yr olds – graffiti, tells jokes, answers in the negative (I don’t, I can’t)
Middle Characteristics
10 yr olds – friendly to others, makes a good friend, likes to read, expressive when talking
11 yr olds – Like to talk on the phone, laughs when things are funny, uses bigger “adult” words
12 yr olds – can be sarcastic, uses slang, can carry on an adult conversation
13 yr olds – doesn’t like parents rules, verbally defiant, hard to converse with
14 yr olds – uses peer language mostly, can discuss situations with them, growing vocabulary
Adolescent Characteristics (Years 14-18)
Adolescent students are expected to use advanced language skills.
Adolescent students with typically developing advanced language skills are able to use complex sentences, in both their oral statements and written language.
Adolescents at this level are also able to produce written stories that follow story grammar rules, and regularly make correct inferences from written text.
Another important language skill that develops in adolescents is the ability to understand and use figurative language. This includes understanding metaphors such as, "the mountains were angry that day," and similes, "he's as crazy as a jester." Students also have the ability to better understand idioms such as, "he's a bull in a china shop."
Resrources:
Wood, C. (1994). Yardsticks: Children in the Classroom, ages 4-14. Greenfield, MA: Northeast Foundation for Children.
Steinberg, Laurence. (2005). Adolescence. Boston: McGraw Hill
Wood, C. (1994). Yardsticks: Children in the Classroom, ages 4-14. Greenfield, MA: Northeast Foundation for Children.
Steinberg, Laurence. (2005). Adolescence. Boston: McGraw Hill
Child Development Corresponding to Art Education
EARLY (APPROX. 4-7 YEARS)
IDENTITIES OF ART:
JUDGMENTS ABOUT ART:
QUALITY
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MIDDLE (APPROX. 7-13)
IDENTITIES OF ART:
JUDGMENTS ABOUT ART:
QUALITY
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LATE (APPROX. 13-17 YEARS)
IDENTITIES OF ART:
JUDGMENTS ABOUT ART:
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